In the grammar-based approach to language learning, primary focus is placed on learning the different rules of grammar that govern the target language. The belief is that, once you have the grammar down pat, vocabulary becomes all that much easier to integrate.
You’ll find this type of instruction prevalent in many language learning books, especially older ones. Some language classes and foreign language programs continue to use them, as well, although most have passed it up in favor of vocabulary-based approaches. Why? Largely, because it takes a while to gain enough grammar knowledge to be able to use the language. With most modern individuals seeking out “quick results,” this approach has fallen to the wayside in favor of others that facilitate instantly-usable lessons.
The advantage of grammar-based learning is its focus on the rules and structures of the language, which helps students develop skills in both reading and writing, aside from speaking and listening. Once you can get enough facility in the rules of grammar, after all, speaking fluently becomes easier – just a matter of plugging in the holes in your vocabulary.
Most sessions using this approach start off with basic vocabulary lessons. Then, using those base words, you then begin getting into the language’s different grammar guidelines. As with your grade-school grammar classes, this usually involves plenty of rote memorization, making it one of the most frustrating approaches for language learning.